Testing Multidimensional and Hierarchical Model of School Motivation Questionnaire

Abstract Objective: One of the theories that motivation into a multi-objective model considers, Mayer's theory of personal investment. This theory is a useful framework for evaluating multi-dimensional and hierarchical nature of goal provides the motivation. The aim of this study is to investigate a multi-dimensional and hierarchical structure of achievement goal orientation. Methods: The population consisted of all high school students in Shiraz who were enrolled in school year 91-90. The sample of 850 students (420 boys, 415 girls) was selected using random sampling. All participants completed questionnaires of school motivation. First-order and higher-order models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Finding: Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the data with a model of eight first-order factors with four second-order factors are a better fit. Reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha showed that seven factor, task, effort, competition, social power, social concern, praise have an internal consistency. First-order correlation range was 0.26 (Homework - social power and social concerns - praise) to 0.62 (task-effort). Conclusion: The findings of the study provide a strong theoretical structure and a tool for future research in school motivation. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed.